Private Pilot Ground School モドキ

K.. NAVIGATION

1. Dead Reckoning
   • by a Calculation (Ground Speed, Course, Wind Triangle, E-6B)
• Course: The intended direction of flight in the horizontal plane measured in degrees from north.
• Heading: The angle between north and longitudinal axis of the airplane measured in degrees
• use of Plotter and find Course and Distance
• use of E-6B to find Time, Distance, Speed
1. Variation
   • Magnetic compass does not indicate north pole. It Indicates MAGNETIC NORTH.
   • The difference between true north pole and magnetic north measured in degree is VARIATION.
   • It varies from place to place.
     • 15°30' E
     • East is Least (+) West is Best (-)
   • True xxx = from North Pole, True North, (T)
   • Magnetic xxx =from Magnetic North　(M)
   • True course & Variation = MAGNETIC COURSE
   • Magnetic course & Wind correction angle = MAGNETIC HEADING
2. Compass Deviation
   1. It is produced by disturbance from magnetic fields produced by metal and electrical accessories inside.
   2. Magnetic heading + Deviation = COMPASS HEADING
3. Predict Course and Time from POH Data and Winds Aloft Forecast, then Correct in the air
2. VOR - VHF Omni Range
   1. VOR receiver indicates POSITION of you relative to the station.
   • It only knows which radial you are on.
   2. Choose desire VOR station by setting the frequency.
   • It can be identified with morse code
   • must confirm the morse code (could be wrong station or VOR may be down)
   3. Choose desired radial by setting OBS
      • The indicator show the relative location compare to selected radial.
      • Does not matter what heading, but only on which radial you are on.
   4. VOR Test facility VOT
   • Set the OBS 180 = TO or 380 = FROM (Cessna 182 => One Eighty Two => One Eighty and TO)
   5. Maximum = acceptable deviation is 4
3. GPS
   1. satellites on the space
   2. measures distance from satellites
   • you know your position in a sphere from each satellite
   • more you recieve, the sphere intercepts and your location is identified.
   3. GPS determines position, by receiving
   • 2 satellites = it knows positron in a circle
   • 3 satellites = it knows 2 possible position, but don't know which
   • 4 satellites = it knows location of the aircraft (GPS receiver)
   • 5 or more = accuracy goes up
   1. computers relate position and database to tell us position, direction, speed, altitude and your plans
4. Non-Directional radio Beacon NDB
1. NDB station can be found by an Automatic directional finder = ADF
2. They were primary navigation system before VORs, but fading out.
3. Relative Bearing (RB): Degrees between nose and station. (Shown on an ADF)
4. Magnetic Bearing to the station (MB): The heading-to fly directly to the station.
   • MB (TO) = RB + MH
   • MB (FROM) = MB(TO) +/- 180