Private Pilot Ground School モドキ

G. AIRPORT Runway marking & lighting

1. Runway marking
   1. Runway number = Magnetic course
   2. Displaced threshold
   3. Chevron: Never be used (nor enter) Emergency only.
   4. Hold Bar
      • needs a instruction (permission) to cross from a controller (from Solid Line)
      • At uncontrolled airport,stop, check, then cross.
   5. X-mark: Runway closed (or tells it is a taxiway, but not landing runway)
2. Aiport Signs
   • Mandatory Instruction Signs
   • Location Signs
   • Direction Signs
   • Destination Signs
   • Information Signs
   • Runway Distance Remaining Signs
3. Lighting
   1. Runway - White
   2. Taxi way - Blue
   3. Runway end - Red
   4. Threshold - Green
   5. A Pilot controlling light
      1. Pilot can control the Intensity of the runway light at certain airport by clicking the switch of the microphone.
      2. Click 7 times - High intensity
      3. 5 times - Middle intensity
      4. 3 times - Low Intensity
   6. Approach lights and other light
4. Airport beacon
   1. White & Green - Civil airport
   2. White @ White & Green - Military airport
   3. It rotates ....
      1. from sunset to sunrise, or
      2. during below VFR weather minimum "ceiling - Less than 1000ft or visibility-Less than 3 mile."
   4. may not be accurate indication of weather or time
5. Airport traffic pattern
   1. Standard pattern = Left traffic pattern
   2. Departure (Upwind Leg)
   3. Crosswind Leg
   4. Downwind Leg
   5. Entry (45 Leg)
   6. Base Leg
   7. Final (Final Approach)
6. Segmented circle
   1. It Indicates direction of turn (pattern)
7. Visual Glide slope Indicators
   1. By FAR, You have to stay AT or ABOVE glide slope.
   2. Glide slope = The best approach course for that runway. (maybe)
   3. Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)
      • on glide slope (two red and two white) or (one red and one white)
      • red = too low
      • white = too high
   4. Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)
   5. Standard VASI
      • 2-Bar: Red and White = on Glide path
      • 3-Bar:
        • Two Red and a White = on Glide Path for a small airplane
        • One Red and Two White = On Glide Path for a larger airplane.
      • All White = too high
      • All Red = too low (= danger)
   6. Tri-color VASI
      • Amber - High
      • Green - At glide slope
      • Red - Low
   7. There IS other kinds of indicator, but too rare.
8. Land and Hold Short Operation (LAHSO)
   1. may be used at a busy airport with crossing runways.
   2. to effectively use multiple runways.
   3. a pilot can decline or accept (read back)
      1. student pilot should never accept LAHSO
      2. if you are not familir with a plane or have any doubt, decline.