Private Pilot Ground School モドキ

H. AIRSPACE

1. Controlled Airspace and Uncontrolled Airspace
   1. ATC service
   2. Instrument Flying
   3. VFR Weather Minimum Requirement
      • they are only minimum by law, does not mean safe
   4. ABC of Airspace
2. Class A Airspace
   1. from 18,000 ft to FL600
   2. Altimeter setting 29.92
   3. Only IFR flight is permitted
3. Class B Airspace
   1. To enter Class-B you are required to
      • establish Two-way radio communication with ATC
      • have operating Transponder with mode-C
      • ATC clearance ("cleared to enter ....." from ATC.)
      • hold at least Private Pilot or endorsement from an instructor
   2. To fly within 30 NM from primary airport you are required.
   • Transponder with mode-C
   3. check FAR for latest information (FAR 91.131)
4. Class C Airspace
• To enter Class-C. you are required to
  • establish Two-way radio communication with ATC
  • Transponder with mode-C.
• ATC service s are provided for all aircraft.
• check FAR for the latest information (FAR 91.130)
1. Class D Airspace
   • at all tower airport
   • established two-way radio communication
   • Takeoff, Landing and Taxi Clearances are needed
2. Class E Airspace
   1. makes most of US airspace under Controlled Airspace.
   • to protect IFR AIRCRAFTs
   2. we operates most of times in this airspace.
   3. ATC service are available
   4. ALL IFR Traffics are under ATC control
      • guaranteed separation from all other IFR traffic
   5. For VFR Aircraft
      • higher VFR requirements (TO PROTECT IFR AIRCRAFT)
      • may receive ATC service when workload permits (such as Flight Followings)
   6. Area
      1. For all Area (mainland and Alaska)
         • 14500feet to Class A Airspace (18,000 feet)
      2. Federal airway ( = Victor airway )
         • It is airway from one VOR to another VOR (Some are NDB's, some are defined by RNAV)
         • More and More GPS (or RNAV) defines Airway and Waypoint.
         • 1,200 feet AGL up to 18,000 feet, Usually 4 Nautical Miles on each Side
      3. Surface Area
         • Dashed Lines (or Class D)
         • Extension (added to Class B, C and D)
      4. Transition
         1. begins at 700 AGL instead of 1,,200 feet AGL
      5. En Route Domestic Areas (IFR service provided but, airway system is inadequate.)
   7. No specific requirements for Pilot Certificate nor Equipment.
3. Special VFR
   1. When the weather is below VFR minimum
   2. When reported Visibility is more than 1 mile (if no ground, then flight visibility)
   3. You can request SPECIAL VFR.
      • Receive Special VFR Clearance from ATC
      • at least 1 mile visibility AND clear of cloud
   4. To fly special VFR at night.,.
      • The pilot - Instrument rated
      • The airplane Instrument equipment and ready for IFR
   5. Only one aircraft may stay in area under special VFR,
4. Uncontrolled Airspace
   • Class G Airspace
   • Less VFR Weather minimum (IFR aircraft is less protected)
   • can receive ATC service if available
   • no specific requirement
5. Special Use Airspace
   1. Prohibited area (P-xxx)
      • For reason of national security, the flight of aircraft is prohibited. (White House etc)
   2. Restricted area (R-xxx)
      • A flight is restricted and required to have an authorization.
      • It has invisible HAZARDs to aircraft. (artillery firing, aerial gunnery, guided missile, etc. )
      • You may fly through it ONLY If permission is granted by the controlling agency.
   3. Warning area (W-xxx)
      • It contains hazards to nonparticipating aircraft over International or coastal waters,
      • You may fly trough it, but it is similar to Restricted area. NOT safe
   4. Military Operating Area (MOA)
      • You may fly trough it., but be careful.
   5. Alert area (A-xxx)
      • It has unusual type of aerial activity or high concentration of student pilot training.
      • You may fly through it, but be careful.
   6. You may fly those Special Use Airspace, but you should or must contact agency or get information
6. Military Training Route MTR
   • Low level (below 10000ft.MSL) high speed (excess 250 knots) military flight.
   • VR-xxx -VFR flight
   • IR-xxx - IFR flight
   • 4 digit - Below 1500ft.AGL
   • 3 digit - Above 1500ft.AGL
7. Other Airspace
• Local Airoirt Advisory/Information Service by a FSS
• TRSA Terminal Radar Service Area (not required, but strongly recommended to contact ATC)
• Wild Life refuges (noise sensitive area)
8. VFR weather minimum
   1. VFR in Controlled Airspace
   2. VFR in Uncontrolled Airspace
   3. VFR in Class A, B, C, D, E